Immune Peptide Dosage Protocols
Immune-modulating peptides include thymic-derived Thymosin Alpha-1 and the cathelicidin antimicrobial LL-37, alongside Khavinson lung-targeted Chonluten.
9 protocols indexed
Thymalin
Thymalin (thymic polypeptide complex, thymalinum) is an immunomodulatory peptide bioregulator isolated from the thymus gland of young calves, developed by Vyacheslav Morozov and Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology in the early 1980s [2][6]. Rather than a single molecule, it is a heterogeneous mixture of short, acidic peptides (roughly 1-10 kDa) whose minimal biologically active fragments include the dipeptides KE (Lys-Glu) and EW (Glu-Trp) and the tripeptide EDP [4][6]. Mechanistically it is thought to restore T-lymphocyte maturation, normalize the CD4/CD8 ratio, raise natural-killer-cell activity, and dampen pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, with its short peptides proposed to bind DNA and histones to regulate immune-gene expression [1][3][5]. The most commonly cited Thymalin dosage in the Russian clinical literature is about 10 mg per day (range roughly 5-20 mg) by intramuscular injection for a short 5-10 day course, repeated after 1-6 months; the same 10 mg/day, 10-day regimen was used in the COVID-19 trial that reported halved hospital mortality in severe elderly patients [1]. Thymalin is a registered prescription drug in Russia and several post-Soviet states but is NOT approved by the FDA or EMA, so in the United States and EU it is an unapproved research compound. This page presents an educational subcutaneous reconstitution reference for the thymic bioregulator class; it is not medical advice.
Open Protocolarrow_forwardZinc-Dependent Thymic PeptideThymulin
Thymulin is a zinc-dependent thymic nonapeptide hormone, originally identified in 1977 as facteur thymique serique (FTS, serum thymic factor) and secreted exclusively by thymic epithelial cells. Its sequence is pGlu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn, and it is biologically active only when bound to a zinc ion in a 1:1 ratio, forming a metallopeptide that drives intra- and extra-thymic T-cell differentiation and restrains pro-inflammatory cytokine output [1][3][4]. Because circulating thymulin falls with age and with zinc deficiency, it is studied both as a marker and a modulator of immunosenescence. There is no established human therapeutic Thymulin dosage: published work spans intravenous, intraperitoneal, intracerebroventricular and gene-therapy routes in animals, generally at microgram-level activity. The educational subcutaneous reconstitution reference on this page models a research range of roughly 250-750 mcg once daily, framed only as a measurement guide, not a validated human protocol. Thymulin's plasma half-life is very short (about 10 minutes), which is why depot, nanoparticle and gene-therapy delivery strategies have been explored [9]. Adequate zinc status is essential because the peptide is inert without its zinc cofactor [4][5]. Thymulin is not approved by the FDA or EMA for any indication and is sold strictly as a research chemical; the protocol figures here are educational and are not medical advice.
Open Protocolarrow_forwardThymic Dipeptide ImmunomodulatorThymogen
Thymogen (alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan, Glu-Trp) is a synthetic thymic dipeptide immunomodulator first isolated from the calf-thymus extract Thymalin and developed in St. Petersburg, Russia. As the smallest functional fragment of natural thymic peptide hormones, it is reported to restore T-lymphocyte differentiation, normalise the T-helper/T-suppressor ratio, and rebalance Th1/Th2 cytokine signalling [1][2]. In Russia it is a registered medicine (Cytomed) sold as a 0.01% intranasal spray delivering 25 mcg per dose and a 100 mcg/mL intramuscular solution; it is not approved by the FDA or EMA and is treated as research and educational material elsewhere. The headline Thymogen dosage in its approved labelling is 100 mcg once daily by intramuscular injection, or 25 mcg per nostril twice daily intranasally, given in short 3-10 day courses repeated no more than four times a year. The practical range modelled in this guide is 50-100 mcg/day. A closely related but chemically distinct isomer, gamma-D-glutamyl-L-tryptophan (SCV-07/golotimod), reached Phase 2 trials in the United States for oral mucositis, tuberculosis and hepatitis C but was never approved [3][5][6]. Because Glu-Trp is a small dipeptide, its plasma half-life is on the order of minutes, yet its immunological effects persist for days, which is why short pulsed courses are used. The subcutaneous reconstitution figures below are an educational measurement reference, not the real-world route, and nothing here is medical advice.
Open Protocolarrow_forwardImmunomodulating PeptideThymopentin
Thymopentin (TP-5, brand name Timunox) is a synthetic immunomodulating pentapeptide with the sequence Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr, reproducing the biologically active site (residues 32-36) of the thymic hormone thymopoietin. It belongs to the thymopoietin-derived immunomodulating peptide class and acts as an immunorestorative agent, promoting the differentiation of prothymocytes into mature T cells and helping rebalance T-cell subsets and natural-killer activity in immunodeficient states. The most studied Thymopentin dosage is 50 mg given by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection three times per week for about 3-6 weeks, the regimen used in controlled trials of atopic dermatitis and recurrent herpes simplex. Unlike many compounds modeled on this site, thymopentin's real-world route genuinely is parenteral, so the reconstitution protocol below mirrors actual clinical practice. Its defining pharmacokinetic feature is an extremely short plasma half-life of under 30 seconds, the result of rapid proteolytic cleavage, which is why frequent injections are required and why modern research focuses on sustained-release formulations and stabilized analogs. Thymopentin is approved for immunodeficiency in several countries (for example Italy, as Timunox, Mepentil and Sintomodulina) but is not approved by the FDA in the United States, where it has received only orphan-drug designation. The figures on this page are an educational dosing and reconstitution reference, not medical advice.
Open Protocolarrow_forwardThymus Peptide BioregulatorVladonix
Vladonix is a Khavinson thymus peptide bioregulator — the oral A-6 "Cytomax" — a complex of low-molecular-weight peptides (under roughly 10,000 Da) isolated from the thymus of calves under 12 months of age and developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. It is sold as an immune-support supplement intended to help restore T-cell immunity after infection, stress, radiation, or chemotherapy. The typical Vladonix dosage is 10-20 mg per day — one to two 10 mg capsules taken with meals — across a 20-30 day course that is usually repeated two to three times per year; more intensive clinical regimens reached roughly 60 mg/day for 15-20 days in patients with marked immunodeficiency. Mechanistically, this thymus peptide bioregulator is proposed to release short peptides that penetrate immune-cell nuclei and bind tissue-specific gene-promoter sequences, upregulating proteins that drive T-lymphocyte maturation and normalize the CD4/CD8 ratio. A small single-center clinical report described normalization of immune indices in about 78% of post-radiation and oncology patients with no recorded side effects, and the related injectable Thymalin has doubled lymphocyte subsets and halved mortality in severe COVID-19. Vladonix is not FDA- or EMA-approved; it is sold as a dietary supplement or research bioregulator, and the subcutaneous reconstitution figures on this page are an educational measurement reference only.
Open Protocolarrow_forwardImmune Peptide BioregulatorCrystagen
Crystagen is a synthetic immune peptide bioregulator from the Khavinson family of ultra-short peptides. It is built on the tripeptide sequence Glu-Asp-Pro (EDP, molecular weight ~359 Da) and is sometimes catalogued as "Immune cytogen EDP." Structurally it is an EDP core closely related to Cortagen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) and is described as a fragment-type signal derived from the thymic regulator Thymalin. Rather than acting through receptor occupancy and mass-dependent pharmacology, peptides of this class are proposed to enter cells, bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, and modulate the expression of genes governing immune-cell development, cytokine output, and thymic function. Historically, cytogen-class bioregulators are given either as a microgram-range intramuscular or subcutaneous injection or as an oral "lingual" (sublingual) capsule. The headline Crystagen dosage reported in the research literature is roughly 100-250 mcg once daily for a 10-day cycle, repeated two to three times per year, with the subcutaneous reconstitution figures on this page serving as an educational measurement reference rather than a clinical instruction. Crystagen has no registered human clinical trials of its own; the supporting evidence comes from closely related Khavinson peptides and from Thymalin, the thymic complex it derives from. It is not approved by the FDA, EMA, or any major regulator and is sold only as a research peptide or, in some regions, an unproven oral bioregulator supplement.
Open Protocolarrow_forwardResearch PeptideThymosin Alpha-1
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1, thymalfasin) is a 28-amino-acid acetylated peptide originally isolated from bovine thymus fraction V by Goldstein and colleagues in the 1970s. It is now produced synthetically and marketed as Zadaxin for chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, and as an immune adjunct in cancer and infectious disease in more than thirty-five countries. The FDA has granted orphan drug status for stage 2B–4 melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma but has not approved Tα1 for marketing in the United States. The standard dose is 1.6 mg subcutaneously twice weekly. Mechanistically, Tα1 acts through Toll-like receptors (notably TLR-9 and TLR-2) on dendritic cells and macrophages, promoting Th1 polarization, expanding regulatory T cells, restoring NK and CD8 cytotoxic T cell activity, and modulating inflammation. Camerini, Goldstein, and others have characterized Tα1 as virtually devoid of toxicity. It has been studied extensively in chronic viral hepatitis, sepsis, cancer, and as an immune adjunct.
Open Protocolarrow_forwardBioregulator PeptideChonluten
Chonluten (T-34) is a synthetic tripeptide with the sequence Glu-Asp-Gly (EDG) developed by Vladimir Khavinson and the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology as a tissue-specific bioregulator for the bronchopulmonary system. It belongs to the Khavinson short-peptide class of cytogens that are claimed to enter cells and bind regulatory regions of DNA to modulate gene expression in their target tissue. Chonluten has been studied primarily in Russian language gerontological literature in models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and age-related respiratory decline, with reports of improvements in bronchial epithelial regeneration, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression of c-Fos, HSP70, COX-2, and TNF-α. It is not approved by the FDA or EMA. Research subcutaneous protocols typically use 100–200 mcg per day for 10–20 day cycles, sometimes repeated every few months. Human clinical evidence outside Russian publications is essentially absent.
Open Protocolarrow_forwardResearch PeptideLL-37
LL-37 is the active form of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (encoded by the gene CAMP), a 37-amino-acid amphipathic α-helical peptide cleaved from the precursor hCAP-18 by proteinase 3 in neutrophils and other tissues. It functions as a central effector of innate immune defense, with direct antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, as well as immunomodulatory roles including chemotaxis, endotoxin neutralization, wound healing, angiogenesis, and resolution of inflammation. Vandamme and colleagues comprehensively reviewed LL-37 biology in 2012. In research settings, synthetic LL-37 is administered subcutaneously at 25–100 mcg per dose for immune support or topically for wound healing. LL-37 is not FDA approved; topical synthetic LL-37 (OP-145) has been investigated in chronic otitis externa, and an LL-37-based wound treatment has been studied in venous ulcers. Excessive LL-37 has been implicated in rosacea, psoriasis, and autoimmunity.
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