Immune Peptide Dosage Protocols
Immune-modulating peptides include thymic-derived Thymosin Alpha-1 and the cathelicidin antimicrobial LL-37, alongside Khavinson lung-targeted Chonluten.
3 protocols indexed
Thymosin Alpha-1
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1, thymalfasin) is a 28-amino-acid acetylated peptide originally isolated from bovine thymus fraction V by Goldstein and colleagues in the 1970s. It is now produced synthetically and marketed as Zadaxin for chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, and as an immune adjunct in cancer and infectious disease in more than thirty-five countries. The FDA has granted orphan drug status for stage 2B–4 melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma but has not approved Tα1 for marketing in the United States. The standard dose is 1.6 mg subcutaneously twice weekly. Mechanistically, Tα1 acts through Toll-like receptors (notably TLR-9 and TLR-2) on dendritic cells and macrophages, promoting Th1 polarization, expanding regulatory T cells, restoring NK and CD8 cytotoxic T cell activity, and modulating inflammation. Camerini, Goldstein, and others have characterized Tα1 as virtually devoid of toxicity. It has been studied extensively in chronic viral hepatitis, sepsis, cancer, and as an immune adjunct.
Open Protocolarrow_forwardBioregulator PeptideChonluten
Chonluten (T-34) is a synthetic tripeptide with the sequence Glu-Asp-Gly (EDG) developed by Vladimir Khavinson and the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology as a tissue-specific bioregulator for the bronchopulmonary system. It belongs to the Khavinson short-peptide class of cytogens that are claimed to enter cells and bind regulatory regions of DNA to modulate gene expression in their target tissue. Chonluten has been studied primarily in Russian language gerontological literature in models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and age-related respiratory decline, with reports of improvements in bronchial epithelial regeneration, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression of c-Fos, HSP70, COX-2, and TNF-α. It is not approved by the FDA or EMA. Research subcutaneous protocols typically use 100–200 mcg per day for 10–20 day cycles, sometimes repeated every few months. Human clinical evidence outside Russian publications is essentially absent.
Open Protocolarrow_forwardResearch PeptideLL-37
LL-37 is the active form of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (encoded by the gene CAMP), a 37-amino-acid amphipathic α-helical peptide cleaved from the precursor hCAP-18 by proteinase 3 in neutrophils and other tissues. It functions as a central effector of innate immune defense, with direct antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, as well as immunomodulatory roles including chemotaxis, endotoxin neutralization, wound healing, angiogenesis, and resolution of inflammation. Vandamme and colleagues comprehensively reviewed LL-37 biology in 2012. In research settings, synthetic LL-37 is administered subcutaneously at 25–100 mcg per dose for immune support or topically for wound healing. LL-37 is not FDA approved; topical synthetic LL-37 (OP-145) has been investigated in chronic otitis externa, and an LL-37-based wound treatment has been studied in venous ulcers. Excessive LL-37 has been implicated in rosacea, psoriasis, and autoimmunity.
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